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ADHD Medication in the UK Since the condition was first identified in the 1980s, ADHD medication has evolved. When it comes to psychostimulants Britain is somewhere in between Europe and America. Stimulants are legally classified as controlled substances due to the potential to be misused and cause side effects. Most people with ADHD are able to achieve a balance between their symptoms and the medications they use. Methylphenidate Methlphenidate is a medicine that is used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is a member of the group of drugs called central nervous system stimulants and works by increasing attention and decreasing anxiety and impulsiveness in adults and children with ADHD. It is only available with a prescription from a physician and should be taken as part of a plan for treatment which also includes educational, social, and psychological treatments. Methylphenidate stimulates dopamine receptors within the brain. It is a combination of d- and L-isomers with the d being the more active. It is a potent stimulant that increases the heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature. It is not recommended to pregnant women or nursing mothers. When doses are carefully monitored and adjusted it is generally safe to use with children. In the UK the UK, methylphenidate is prescribed frequently to children suffering from ADHD. In fact, it is the most frequently prescribed medication for this condition in teenagers aged 15-21 years old. This could be due to a shift in the way ADHD is diagnosed in this age group or a rise in the use of off-label medications for the condition. However the results of a recent study of longitudinal data found that the use of ADHD medications did not correlate with an increased risk of serious unwanted consequences in the age group of 24. While methylphenidate has been proven to be safe for long-term use however, it may cause adverse effects like insomnia, irritability, and an increase in appetite. It is important to discuss these risks with your doctor prior to starting the medication. Methlphenidate should only be used for short periods of time and in small doses. In the UK, methylphenidate is available in both short-acting as well as long-acting form. The one is sold under the brand name Ritalin while the second is sold as Concerta XL. The long-acting medication is also known as BiphentinXL. It has an innovative multilayer release system that is delivered in two phases: immediately and in a delayed. In addition to reducing symptoms of ADHD In addition, methylphenidate can reduce tics in people suffering from Tourette syndrome and narcolepsy. It is also sometimes used to relieve depression. It is not recommended for individuals suffering from schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) is an anti-depressant that is used to treat the disorder of attention deficit hyperactivity. It improves the function of the parts of the brain that control self-control, attention and self-control. It is typically recommended by a specialist, but other ADHD treatments could be tried before. Lisdexamfetamine is available in chewable capsules and tablet form, with 10 to 70 milligrams of medication in each dose. It is available through prescription only and is best taken at the beginning of the day, with an ice-cold glass. It is not recommended for use for children younger than 6 years old, and should be avoided by women who are breastfeeding or pregnant. It can cause serious heart problems in certain people, so it is important to discuss any allergies or other health concerns with your doctor prior to starting treatment. Like many stimulant medications, lisdexamfetamine can cause side effects in some people. This includes a rapid or irregular pulse, rapid rise in blood pressure and sweating. They can also cause pupils that are dilated, an unusually exuberant or anxious mood, or a rapid or irregular heartbeat. People may also have anxiety, trouble sleeping or staying asleep, and an inability to eat. These symptoms should be reported to the doctor immediately, since they could be an indication of an overdose or serious reaction. Keep lisdexamfetamine from children in a secure place. The medication should be kept at room temperatures, away from extreme heat and moisture. Stored properly, lisdexamfetamine should last for a minimum of two weeks. Store it no longer than two weeks or it will lose its efficacy. If you don't have a way to safely dispose of unused lisdexamfetamine or if it has expired, mix it with something non-toxic, such as dirt, cat litter or coffee grounds, and then throw it in the trash. It is a good idea also to carry proof of your use of lisdexamfetamine for example, a patient information leaflet or repeat prescription. The specialist will decide on the duration of treatment and how often it will be monitored. They will also monitor the patient on a regular basis as described in section 8. adhd without medication is expected that primary care will take on some of the responsibility, depending on the local arrangements. Ritalin In the UK, Methylphenidate is the primary drug used to treat ADHD. It helps reduce symptoms of ADHD by improving concentration and focus, which could improve the overall behavior. It is part of a treatment programme that includes the use of behavioural therapy. The medication used to treat ADHD can cause a variety of side effects like stomach upsets, headaches and sleep problems. Children with severe ADHD might also have mood swings and depression. If any of these side effects occur they should be discussed with a physician. Methylphenidate is usually taken in tablet form, but it can also be administered as chewable or liquid medicine. It comes in a variety of sizes and contains gelatine. It may not be suitable for patients with mild lactose allergies. In the UK, methylphenidate is the most well-known ADHD medication, accounting for 94 percent of prescriptions. It is followed by atomoxetine, and dexamfetamine both of which have demonstrated some evidence of their effectiveness in clinical studies. However there are concerns regarding the overdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK and a possible overprescription of medications to treat the condition. This is likely to be due to the limitations on health resources in the areas where mental health services aren't as accessible. A recent study showed that methylphenidate was the most effective medication when treating children suffering from ADHD. The effects it had on symptoms were more than twice that of a placebo. It was the only drug to significantly improve the teacher's ratings of behavior. Other second-line drugs weren't as effective, but improved symptoms when compared to placebos. The study funded by the NIHR analysed data from 14 748 kids aged five and under. The majority of the children were boys. 85 percent of the children received a prescription for ADHD medications. The study showed that prescription rates for ADHD medications grew gradually until 2007 before they began to fall off. These increases were greater in children younger than a child and male patients. The medications for ADHD help by enhancing the activity of brain chemicals which allows them to transfer messages more easily between cells. They are often taken twice or once a daily. Another commonly prescribed UK ADHD medication is atomoxetine, which is also marketed under the brand name Strattera. It is a non-stimulant drug and functions differently from dexamfetamine and methylphenidate. It increases noradrenaline levels which improves concentration and control of impulses. Adderall The treatment options have developed a lot since ADHD was first diagnosed and there are many options available. The UK is somewhere in between Europe and America when it comes to options. A psychiatrist will carefully titrate medications to determine the most effective dosage for each patient. The majority of medicines work in similar to each other by increasing neurotransmitters, which help brain cells communicate. Stimulants, the most commonly used type of medication prescribed to ADHD patients, boost brain activity in areas that control attention and behavior. This helps improve concentration, decrease the tendency to be impulsive and reduce hyperactivity. They also aid with problems that can coexist with ADHD such as anxiety or depression. Adderall is an abbreviation for amphetamine salts. They are the most frequently used stimulants for treating ADHD in the US and Europe. It is frequently used by people who do not have ADHD and may cause addiction and heart problems. It is also associated with mood swings, temper and disorganisation. However, in the UK it is only prescribed under strict conditions and by qualified doctors. A psychiatrist will closely examine your progress to make sure that you are not suffering from any adverse effects. A time-release version of Adderall was introduced a few years ago, which prolonged the delivery of the drug to the bloodstream. It was claimed to be less addictive than the original drug. It has not been endorsed by the NHS and you'd need an individual prescription from a private psychiatrist. In addition to stimulants, a psychiatrist could prescribe a non-stimulant medication for ADHD such as Atomoxetine (marketed in the UK as Strattera). This medication differs from other ADHD medications in that it does not increase dopamine levels in the brain. However, it does increase noradrenaline levels in the brain, a chemical that acts as a messenger for passing information. It is a slower-acting medication and can take a few weeks before it begins to work. A specialist may suggest other treatments that can be used in conjunction with your medication, such as psychoeducation and the behavioural therapy. Psychoeducation involves speaking with a therapist about your issues, and can help teenagers and children to understand their ADHD diagnosis and to learn how to manage it. Behavioural therapy makes use of rewards to encourage positive behavior and is carried out by teachers, parents or a family therapist.